Obama ends 'wet foot, dry foot' policy for Cuban immigrants

President Barack Obama is ending a longstanding immigration policy that allows any Cuban who makes it to US soil to stay and become a legal resident, a senior administration official said Thursday. 

The repeal of the "wet foot, dry foot" policy is effective immediately, according the official. The decision follows months of negotiations focused in part on getting Cuba to agree to take back people who had arrived in the US. 

The US and Cuba planned to issue a joint statement later Thursday. The official insisted on anonymity in order to detail the change ahead of the announcement. 

The official said the Cubans gave no assurances about treatment of those sent back to the country, but said political asylum remains an option for those concerned about persecution if they return. 

Obama is using an administrative rule change to end the policy. Donald Trump could undo that rule after becoming president next week. He has criticized Obama’s moves to improve relations with Cuba. But ending a policy that has allowed hundreds of thousands of people to come to the US without a visa also aligns with Trump’s commitment to tough immigration policies. 

The "wet foot, dry foot" policy was put in place in 1995 by Bill Clinton as a revision of a more liberal immigration policy. Until then, Cubans caught at sea trying to make their way to the US were allowed into the country and were able to become legal residents after a year. The US was reluctant to send people back to the communist island then run by Fidel Castro, and the Cuban government also generally refused to accept repatriated citizens. 

The Cuban government has in the past complained bitterly about the special immigration privileges, saying they encourage Cubans to risk dangerous escape trips and drain the country of professionals. But it has also served as a release valve for the single-party state, allowing the most dissatisfied Cubans to seek better lives outside and become sources of financial support for relatives on the island. 

Relations between the US and Cuba were stuck in a cold war freeze for decades, but Obama and Cuban president Raْl Castro established full diplomatic ties and opened embassies in their capitals in 2015. Obama visited Havana last March. 

US and Cuban officials were meeting Thursday in Washington to coordinate efforts to fight human trafficking. A decades-old US economic embargo, though, remains in place as does the Cuban Adjustment Act which lets Cubans become permanent residents a year after legally arriving in the US. 

The official said that in recent years, most people fleeing the island have done so for economic reasons or to take advantage of the benefits they know they can receive if they make it to the US. 

The official also cited an uptick in Cuban migration, particularly across the US-Mexico border - an increase the official said reflected an expectation among Cubans that the Obama administration would soon move to end their special immigration status. 

Since October 2012, more than 118,000 Cubans have presented themselves at ports of entry along the border, according to statistics published by the homeland security department. During the 2016 budget year, which ended in September, a five-year high of more than 41,500 people came through the southern border. An additional 7,000 people arrived between October and November. 

The influx has created burdens on other countries in the region that must contend with Cubans who have yet to reach the US border, the official said. 

The Cuban Medical Professional Parole Program, which was started by President George W Bush in 2006, is also being rescinded. The measure allowed Cuban doctors, nurses and other medical professionals to seek parole in the US while on assignments abroad. 

People already in the pipeline under both "wet foot, dry foot" and the medical parole program will be able to continue the process toward getting legal status. 

The preferential treatment for Cubans reflected the political power of Cuban-Americans, especially in Florida, a critical state in presidential elections. That has been shifting in recent years. Older Cubans, particularly those who fled Castro’s regime, tend to reject Obama’s diplomatic overtures to Cuba. Younger Cuban-American voters have proven less likely than their parents and grandparents to define their politics by US-Cuba relations. Exit polls show Obama managed roughly a split in the Florida Cuban vote in 2012, and Trump in November won the same group by a much narrower margin than many previous Republican nominees. -- theguardian

Source :NNA